The Language of The Neuromancer Essay examples -- Neuromancer Essays

The Language of The Neuromancerâ Â As per A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature, formalistic methodology speaks to a methodology with technique, with a history, with professionals and with certain depreciators (73). At the point when all the words, phrases, representations, pictures, and images and inspected as far as one another and of the entire, any artistic content worth our endeavors will show its own inner rationale (75). Nonetheless, idiosyncrasy of language use stays one of the most predominant parts of the formalistic methodology in writing. Â The sky over the port was the shade of TV tuned into a dead channel (3). Â Opening the novel with the utilization of such extreme language, the creator sets a climate for a charming and unpredictable continuing plot. Utilizing strange language that begins with rock solid phrasing and odd coding, to names of spots that have questionable and equivocal significance, to characters' names that Gibson utilizes in his cyberpunk novel, the writer opens the peruser to various nationalities and words got from unknown dialects that relate to occasions of the cutting edge world. Gibson discusses the Russian military prosthesis, the East European steel teeth of Ratz's, the Chinese nerve grafting, the Japanese Sarariman or the English slang for suit, the Australian roaring, the French flechettes, the Jamaican Rustafarian culture, the Turkish settings, which continues in an on-going blend of wording. This idea prompts the recognition that consolidation and interrelation of blended and assorted societies using various dialects speaks to a fortification for the making of th e whole world as one major cosmopolitan culture. Â Depicting... ...ce, and 'mancer' represents a performer and sentiment. However, Neuromancer may be Gibson's unimportant hypothesis about Case's quality as a PC programmer who upsets the social request by tossing infection programs into society, in this manner causing disarray on the planet. In any case, utilizing the neuromancer as a quip, the creator could be implying the Sorcerer in Goethe's Faust, which implies a performer managing in fiendish spirits and passing. Obviously, eccentricity and the utilization of dreamlike language decide the vanity and disclosure of the novel's plot. Notwithstanding, considering about the eventual fate of sci-fi and cyberpunk writing, it is plausible that people won't be equipped for decoding the language without the utilization of extra assistance sources. Or maybe, sci-fi's inclination of turning into an incomprehensible riddle of words increments regularly. Â

Sales Emails Theyre Not About Selling (Really!) - The Writers For Hire

Deals EMAILS: THEYRE NOT ABOUT SELLING (REALLY!) Need to improve the active clicking factor on your business messages? Quit making a decent attempt. Indeed, theres somewhat more to it than that however the primary concern is, in the event that you need to ensure that your business messages dont end up in the spam envelope, you have to ensure that youre not broadcasting an inappropriate vibe with an excessively salesy email (considers show that individuals get progressively on edge and uneasy the more you attempt to offer to them). Your most logical option, as indicated by Flint McGlaughlin of MECLABS is to keep the tone supportive and no-pressure think client support instead of deals. A couple of different components that might be harming your active clicking factor? Obscure titles; messages that resemble presentation pages, as opposed to messages; sections that are excessively long (or excessively short!); and poor structure decisions, for example, the feared white-content on-a-dark foundation look (And truly, individuals despite everything do that. Despite the fact that they shouldnt.) To get familiar with making an amazing deals email, watch this free MECLABS copywriting facility. Its around 30 minutes in length and absolutely justified, despite all the trouble. The live scrutinizes are super-useful.

I Will Upload The Case Studies Example

I Will Upload The Case Studies Example I Will Upload The Case Studies â€" Essay Example > Health and Social carePhysical careChronic diarrhea or frequent runny or watery bowel movement results from gastrointestinal infections (GI) caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites and these varies with regions and hygienic status of the residents; those that last for more than three days are sign of medical condition. There is need for Mr. Dale to seek the attention of medical professionals immediately (Hanauer Marteau, 2001, p. 67-79). It is important for the patient to drink a lot of water to prevent dehydration due to excess water that he has lost or for good health whether as a first aid or treatment. After a through laboratory assessment, the patient was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis which is a complication of an inflammatory bowel disease or a disease of the intestine which bearing the characteristics of open sores or ulcers in the colon (Dodi Spencer, 2006 p. 156-164). Apart from adhering to the medication prescribed by the doctor, the patient needs to consider a go od diet or healthy lifestyle which consists plenty of fresh vegetables, fiber and lots of water or other health fluids helps the system of Mr. Dale to digest more easily and absorption of more nutrients to replace the ones lost. Moderate exercise should be considered for example, a little walk with the help of Physiotherapist may boost the digestive system and prevent the development of thromboembolic complications like venous thrombosis but if it is not possible the patients should have a bed rest to conserve the little enough remaining in the body (Walker-Smith, Hamilton Walker, 2001 p. 245-251). Mostly chronic diarrhea is treated with the injection against viruses like rotavirus and enter-viruses, and other microorganisms like bacteria which causes gastrointestinal infections. However, the complication of ulcerative colitis mostly combines the medicinal administration and surgery. At minor stages, the medications are administered to induce remissions, maintenance of remission, minimize the side effects of the treatment, improvement of the quality of life of the infected by reducing the severity of the accompanying complications and minimize the risks of complications of chronic illnesses like cancer (Doherty, 2010 p. 135-137). The preferred medications include: 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA and mesalazine) and immunomodulators to reduce intestinal inflammation. There are no medicines to completely ill the Ulcerative colitis so when the symptoms get to the severe stages a surgery is conducted to remove the infected large intestines (colectomy) (Warner Barto, 2009 p. 87-89). The problem at hand is loss of nutrients and fluid through vomiting and diarrhea or anorexia. For nursing care, Total Parental Nutrition should be considered to directly injecting nutritional formulas which contains necessary nutrients like glucose amino acids, salts, vitamins and lipids without going through the ordinary eating and digestive processes. Intravenous therapy is conside red in case the symptoms of the disorder are complicated that the patient is not able to get food through other routes. If total parental nutrition or total nutrient admixture is considered the health professionals should be keen to observe the flow of fluid which is used to give in nutrients in the body as well as checking the changes in the body weight. The nurses should be keen to monitor the pattern of intake and output of the fluid as well and the changes in eth weight of the patient. In case of severe symptoms or much pain medicines like morphine should be administered to relief the pain (Farraye, 2010 p. 156-167).

The Life Of Frederick Douglass And Harriet Jacobs Essay

The stories of Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs, slaves in the United States, as well as Olaudah Equiano, who spent time as a slave in North America, attest to the deeply embedded tradition of slavery in North American society. Slavery grew and was maintained through the dehumanization of the slaves, which was carried out through negligence and psychological and physical abuse. This allowed slave owners to exercise complete control over their slaves, extending to the objectification and rape of female slaves. Although the economic benefits of slavery served as a large factor for the continuation of the institution, a larger factor was the integration of the institution of slavery into American society. The narratives detailed the shift of slave owners from viewing slavery as a necessary evil to a positive good and social normality. Slavery became so ingrained in American society that slave owners used any justification necessary in order to retain their slaves, leading to the de humanization of slaves and beginning a vicious, oppressive cycle that would continue for years to come in American society and accounting for slavery’s durability. American slavery grew and expanded as a direct result of the dehumanization of slaves, which created a culture of abuse and fear, allowing one population to become subservient to another and accounting for the durability of slavery. In order to grow and retain the institution of slavery in North America, slave owners dehumanizedShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of Frederick Douglass And Harriet Ann Jacobs904 Words   |  4 PagesFrederick Douglass and Harriet Ann Jacobs There are those in America who believe that it is time we move past the deep complex feelings towards the cultural repercussions of slavery. Much like the modern-day, Germans feel in their association with the murders and tragedies after World War II, many Americans – especially white American – want to feel an understandable disassociation from the white Americans who propagated slavery. Thus calling this unbearable reminder of the past â€Å"white guilt†Read MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass And Harriet Jacobs1951 Words   |  8 Pagesthe lives of Fredrick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs were more different than similar when they were slaves. The differences between their lives mostly come from being opposite genders, as the man deals with more physical and mental afflictions, whereas the woman suffers physical and social afflictions. Fredrick Douglass was born in Maryland, but never told his birthday, as was the case with most slaves. In fact, they were not to ask their age or they would be punished (Douglass, 17). Also, just as mostRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Frederick Douglass And Harriet Jacobs1208 Words   |  5 PagesFrederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs are both prominent influential authors of the Reform Era. Both writers, who spring forth from similar backgrounds and unimaginable situations, place a spotlight on the peculiar circumstances that surrounded the lives of the African American slaves. After reading and analyzing both Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, and the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass; readers discover the horrifying truths that belong to the past in connection to slavery.Read MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs And Frederick Douglass1618 Words   |  7 Pagesslaves such as Harriet Jacobs’s and Frederick Douglass’s. Jacobs’s â₠¬Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† and Douglass’s â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† both illustrate great examples of the obstacles and barriers that slaves had to overcome. The protagonists in both stories, Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass, are obviously not your everyday comic book superheroes who has their own hidden identities, rather, they are just ordinary commoners who are also facing real-life struggles likeRead MoreComparative Evaluation in Slave Life: Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass2566 Words   |  11 PagesThis paper is a comparative evaluation I did between the autobiographical experiences of two former slaves, Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs and the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass, were both written during the same time period (the former in 1861, the latter in1856). These two books are compelling works of African Amer ican Literature. They are depressing but at the same time hopeful, discouraging butRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave And Harriet Jacobs s Incidents994 Words   |  4 PagesDouglass’s Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave and Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl are two famous examples in which the writers demonstrate their perspective as slaves and dangerous, agonizing life. Nevertheless, there are also many dissimilarities between these narratives, including gender based treatments, main character’s first steps towards freedom, and main character’s personality. According to their narratives, Douglass and Jacobs were subjected to diverseRead MoreA Comparison Of Writings By Harriet Jacobs And Frederick Douglass1718 Words   |  7 PagesA Comparison of Writings by Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass In this paper I will compare the writings of Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass. I will touch on their genre, purpose, content, and style. Both authors were born into slavery. Both escaped to freedom and fought to bring an end to slavery, each in their own way. Both Jacobs and Douglass have a different purpose for their writings. Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass were both slaves that wrote about their strugglesRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass And The Life Of A Slave Girl1475 Words   |  6 PagesJamiya Brooks Comparative Paper November 18, 2014 The Life of Frederick Douglass the Life of a Slave Girl The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and The Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl are both nineteenth-century narratives about Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs’s experiences born into slavery and as escaped slaves. The concept of gender makes each narrative have distinct perspectives’ of their version of what they endure during slavery and how it shapes their freedom. EvenRead MoreFrederick Douglass Vs. Harriet Jacobs987 Words   |  4 PagesFrederick Douglass v. Harriet Jacobs â€Å"We are not Americans; we are Africans who happen to be in America. We were kidnapped and brought here against out will from Africa. We did not land on Plymouth rock--that rock landed on us (â€Å"Malcolm X†).† Slavery began when Americans brought Africans to Virginia in 1619 to complete any field work that plantation owners did not want to do themselves (History.com Staff). Slavery lasted in America for 246 years and even after, African Americans were still treatedRead MoreCompare/Contrast Douglass and Jacobs1607 Words   |  7 PagesSlave; A Compare and Contrast Essay of Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass. The experiences, memories and treatment in any situation are viewed upon differently between a man and a woman. Obvious in the case of slavery, the two sexes were treated differently and so therefore their recollections of such events were-different. In the following short essay, we look closely at the perspective of the female slave, Harriet Jacobs in â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl†, and respectfully compared

Effective Return On Tax Saving Mutual Fund Schemes Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3152 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Savings are the tool used by a person or an organization that abstains from present consumption for a future use. Investment is an activity that engaged by people who have savings with the aim of achieving additional income or growth in values. It may be defined as a commitment of funds made in the expectation of some positive rate of return. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effective Return On Tax Saving Mutual Fund Schemes Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Investors may have different aim for investing their money such as capital appreciation, regular return, safety, proud of holdings, additional return and tax benefits. They may expect to get back the money along with interest at a future date or the purpose may be the price appreciation on their investment or they may invest their money to get regular income from their investment, many investors consider other promised benefits like retirement benefit, accident coverage, etc., They seek the investment area where they can get maximum return and minimum risk. Some investors ready to face risk to have maximum returns. Safety of funds and regular payment in the mode of interest is expected by everyone. This can be possible only on bank deposit/ postal saving. Comparatively the returns of bank deposits are low than the investment in securities market. Among all other available investment, investor looks into the tax relief. They invest to have tax relaxation on their income for that they seeks better investment avenue which gives tax relief on their income. Even though they invested to have tax relief they expect return on the investment. Thus, this paper aims to compare the return on the investment in bank and tax saving mutual fund schemes with effective interest rate too. This study will helps to investors to evaluate their portfolio. Savings are the tool used by a person or an organization that abstains from present consumption for a future use. Investment is an activity that engaged by people who have savings with the aim of achieving additional income or growth in values. It may be defined as a commitment of funds made in the expectation of some positive rate of return.1 Investors may have different aim for investing their money such as capital appreciation, regular return, safety, proud of holdings, additional return and tax benefits. They may expect to get back the money along with interest at a future date or the purpose may be the price appreciation on their investment or they may invest their money to get regular income from their investment, many investors consider other promised benefits like retirement benefit, accident coverage, etc., They seek the investment area where they can get maximum return and minimum risk. Some investors ready to face risk to have maximum returns. Generally individual investor expects security on their investment. Safety of funds and regular payment in the mode of interest is expected by everyone. This can be possible only on bank deposit/ postal saving. Comparatively the returns of bank deposits are low than the investment in securities market. Among all other available investment, investor looks into the tax relief. They invest to have tax relaxation on their income for that they seeks better investment avenue which gives tax relief on their income. Even though they invested to have tax relief they expect return on the investment. Thus, this paper aims to compare the return on the investment in bank and tax saving mutual fund schemes with effective interest rate too. The dividend declared tax saving mutual fund schemes which are launched during the year 2000-05 have been selected for the purpose of study. This study will helps to investors to evaluate their portfolio. INVESTMENT PATTERN There are various investment plans available in the financial market to help investors to choose better suitable area to make their investment. Blue chip shares Growth share Income share Cyclical share Speculative share Equity Shares Financial Assets Treasury Bill Commercial purpose Certificate of Deposits Money Markets Investments Mutual fund Schemes 1. Equity shares 2. Debt Schemes 3. Balanced Schemes Real Estate 1. Agriculture Land 2. Semi Urban Land 3. Time share in a Holiday Resort Non Marketable Financial Assets 1. Bank Deposits 2. Post office Deposits 3. Co-Operative Deposits 4. Public Provident Fund Deposits Bonds 1. Government Securities 2. GOI Relief Bonds 3. Govt. Agency Securities 4. PSU Bonds 5. Debenture of Private Sector Companies 6. Preference schemes Endownment Assurance Policy Money Back Policy Whole Life Policy Premium Back Term Assurance Policy LIC Policies Financial Assets Gold Silver Precious Stones Art Objects Money Markets Investments Financial Derivatives Options Futures Figure 1 Various Investment Avenues[1] The objective of an investor comprised into three namely safety of investment, liquidity position and return on their invested money. The return on investment may further be classified into capital gain and the rate of return on investment as interest or dividend. Figure 1 shows all investment options presently available to the investors. Table 1 Summary Evaluation of Various Investment Avenues Investment options Return Risk liquidity Marketability Tax shelter Convenience Return yield Capital Appreciation Equity shares Low High High Fairly High Section 80C benefit High Non-Convertible Debentures High Negligible Low Average Nil High Equity Schemes Low High High High Section 80C benefit Very high Term Deposits Under Tax benefit scheme Moderate Nil Negligible High Section 80C benefit Very high Public Provident fund Nil High Nil Average Section 80C benefit Very high Life Insurance Policies Nil Moderate Nil Average Section 80C benefit Very high Residential House Moderate Moderate Negligible Low Section 80C High Fair Gold and Silver Nil Moderate Average Average Nil Average Every investor wants to get maximum economic advantage from their investment. Investment avenues are based upon the rate of return, risk and uncertainty, capital appreciation, marketability, tax advantage and convenience of investment. Table 1 gives clear picture which helps the investors to take their investment decisions on various financial market instruments. This paper seeks to have result for, Do the bank deposit returns and tax saving mutual fund schemes return vary? To find out the result for the above questions the returns of dividend declared tax saving mutual fund schemes launched during the year 2000 to 2005 have been selected and the study period was selected from 2006-07 to 2009-10 up to February 2010. TOOLS USED FOR ANALYSIS To examine the Performance of selected tax saving mutual fund schemes and bank return, various tools are being used. Rate of return, Standard deviation, Dividend yield ratio has been selected to examine the performance of selected tax saving mutual fund schemes and Future value, Effective interest rate is taken to analyze the bank returns. Net Asset Value (NAV) is a term used to describe the value of an entitys assets less the value of its liabilities. Higher the rate of return shows the better the performance of the fund. It can be computed as Ri = NAV i1 NAV i0 * 100% NAVi0 Where, i is the number of funds Ri is the rate of return of portfolio i NAV i1 is the net asset value of funds at current evaluation period NAVi0 is the net asset value of funds at previous evaluation period. Standard Deviation of fund measures the volatility level of return rates. The volatility level also describes the risk level. Usually, for higher rates of return the risk level will also become higher. Hence, the study includes standard deviation as the measure of risk level. It can be computed as ÃÆ' Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢i = ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ £m j=1(Rij-R)2 m-1 ÃÆ' Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢i = standard deviation for portfolio i Rij = Rate of return for portfolio i on jth month R = Average return rates of m months. m = Time period Future value can also be used to calculate the future value of the deposits in a bank. Money has time value. The amount deposited in a bank will be increased with relation to the time. It can be calculated as Future Value = p(1 + k)n Where, k is the rate of interest n is the number of years p is the amount deposited Dividend yield is a financial ratio which shows how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its share price. Dividend is one form of return that the investor can get on their investment. In the absence of any capital gain, the dividend yield is the return on investment for a stock. It can be calculated as Dividend yield = Annual Dividends per share Price per share Effective interest rate is also called as effective annual interest rate. It is the annual interest rate that accounts for the effect of compounding. It can be calculated as Effective interest rate = (1+R/P) p-1 Where, R is the nominal rate P is the number of compounding periods. AN ANALYSIS OF TAX SAVING MUTUAL FUND SCHEMES Performance of the fund determines the interest of investors. Investors generally does not compare all the schemes and distribute their funds. But they want positive NPV on their investment. By comparing returns of various avenues the investor can know the better investment area. When a company trades their funds, the performance of the funds determines the capital appreciation of the funds. The fund appreciation increases the share trades and the investors actively involved in the purchase and selling of shares. The following tables Table 2a, Table 2b, Table 2c and Table 2d shows the NAV return of selected tax saving mutual fund schemes during the year 2006-07 to 2009-10 till February. Table 2a Net asset Value of Tax saving mutual Fund schemes    2006-07 ( 1 APR 2006 TO 31 MAR 2007) Company Name APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR DBS Chola Tax saver fund 5.05 -3.91 -17.16 2.53 9.06 6.84 5.35 6.34 1.15 2.94 -8.46 -9.86 HDFC long term advantage fund 4.75 -1.77 -16.32 1.74 6.12 7.09 4.36 3.95 0.84 56.84 -2.00 -18.35 Ing tax saving fund -16.86 -0.82 -23.98 -0.46 9.23 8.36 5.24 6.74 3.57 5.93 -1.50 -13.92 Kotak tax saver 9.01 -0.54 -23.14 -0.36 7.67 5.60 5.35 9.05 3.36 5.52 -4.72 -22.38 Principal personal tax saver 42.18 73.37 -22.89 -0.21 7.20 4.38 8.81 8.58 2.00 7.15 0.65 -8.74 Reliance tax saver fund 6.05 -1.32 -21.49 0.22 0.14 -7.35 -2.26 20.51 2.64 10.21 11.92 -15.49 Source : https://www.amfiindia.com/NavHistoryReport_Frm.aspx Table 2a Net asset Value of Tax saving mutual Fund schemes 2007-08 ( 1 APR 2007 TO 31 MAR 2008) Company Name APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR DBS Chola Tax saver fund 5.14 6.02 0.99 5.13 4.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.11 -5.96 -12.37 -10.69 HDFC long term advantage fund 2.15 6.62 4.23 4.87 -2.12 6.12 10.61 6.01 2.60 -3.74 -11.38 -18.98 Ing tax saving fund -17.94 6.97 3.51 4.53 -5.37 5.97 3.54 9.20 6.31 -4.30 -16.19 -11.87 Kotak tax saver 5.55 7.25 4.75 5.98 -4.18 5.48 9.02 6.84 10.44 -0.28 -27.95 -19.56 Principal personal tax saver 5.87 9.26 4.44 11.17 -1.49 8.08 5.91 3.57 9.12 -5.85 -11.53 -25.99 Reliance tax saver fund 2.52 5.23 2.19 7.83 -3.56 8.77 6.57 -1.21 8.57 -6.23 -12.26 -12.77 Source : https://www.amfiindia.com/NavHistoryReport_Frm.aspx Table 2a Net asset Value of Tax saving mutual Fund scheme s 2008-09 ( 1 APR 2008 TO 31 MAR 2009) Company Name APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR DBS Chola Tax saver fund 3.43 4.46 -10.23 -0.54 -5.61 -12.19 -22.52 -10.59 0.60 -1.05 -4.93 -2.42 HDFC long term advantage fund -2.59 0.48 -9.89 -6.68 8.82 -1.21 -20.34 -13.22 -0.78 -0.08 -3.43 -15.02 Ing tax saving fund 3.19 3.95 -9.90 -11.18 10.26 -6.93 -32.39 -11.71 -4.61 0.21 -3.75 -2.96 Kotak tax saver 0.09 4.61 -12.72 -10.64 7.30 -6.15 -25.03 -9.57 0.38 -1.64 -3.52 -3.31 Principal personal tax saver -29.55 3.33 -10.92 -9.33 8.14 -6.49 -28.00 -12.19 -2.79 -0.22 -2.85 -2.89 Reliance tax saver fund 1.07 3.28 -10.62 -8.11 6.62 -3.38 -17.19 -8.24 -1.05 1.34 -4.04 -2.41 Source : https://www.amfiindia.com/NavHistoryReport_Frm.aspx Table 2a Net asset Value of Tax saving mutual Fund schemes 2009-10 ( 1 APR 2009 TO 31 MAR 2010) Company Name APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB DBS Chola Tax saver fund 24.76 22.78 15.88 -0.98 6.65 6.74 4.18 -0.38 4.00 2.49 -6.09 HDFC long term advantage fund 15.05 20.02 13.19 3.02 6.97 6.72 5.62 3.39 -36.70 2.59 -9.00 Ing tax saving fund 20.96 18.44 17.72 0.31 7.00 7.87 3.25 -0.09 5.26 3.73 -4.65 Kotak tax saver 16.18 18.95 16.34 -0.95 6.73 5.86 3.72 -1.13 3.98 2.18 -5.71 Principal personal tax saver -5.69 17.25 22.21 2.00 1.74 9.91 4.80 -0.11 1.01 1.68 -4.29 Reliance tax saver fund 17.18 16.26 15.27 0.40 5.72 -6.69 5.08 6.44 -1.44 4.64 -4.29Source : https://www.amfiindia.com/NavHistoryReport_Frm.aspx NAV return of selected tax saving mutual fund schemes moves in a similar direction during the study period from 2006-07 to 2009-10 up to February 2010. NAV return of all the schemes shows negative return in the month of June 2006, March 2007, and January 2008 to March 2008, June 2008 to November 2008, February 2009 and March 2009. No scheme falls in a pattern which helps to determine their return. During the year 2008-09 all the schemes produced maximum negative return. Whereas, during the year 2009-10, till October 2009 there were no negative return in all the schemes. It also has been noted that there was a fluctuation in all the month during the period of study. STANDARD DEVIATION Standard deviation has been used to measure the volatility selected tax saving mutual fund schemes. The volatility also denotes the risk level. Usually, there will be high risk for high returns. Hence, the standard deviation included to measure the risk level. The following table shows the risk level of selected funds. Table 3 Volatility of the Funds Company Name Standard Deviation DBS Chola Tax saver fund 2.444124 HDFC long term advantage fund 42.56922 ING tax saving fund 3.452677 Kotak tax saver 3.323016 Principal personal tax saver 100.9975 Reliance tax saver fund 2.398889 It can be noted from Table 3 that the fund volatility is very high principal personal tax saver and low in Reliance tax saver fund. From Table 4 it can be understood highest dividend given by principal personal tax saver and Reliance tax saver fund provides lowest dividend. Hence it can be stated that there is a relation between the risk and return. RETURNS IN THE FORM OF DIVIDEND Dividend is one form of return that the investors can get on their investment. Not all the company declared their dividends in all the years in a study period from 2006-07 to 2009-2010 up to February 2010. Table 4 shows the dividends declared by the various Asset Management Companies. Most of the companies declared their dividends in the year 2006-07. Table 4 Dividends Declaration S.No NAME OF THE COMPANY Rs. Per Unit 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 DBS Chola Tax saver fund 1 HDFC long term advantage fund 6 6 3.5 ING tax saving fund 4 Kotak tax saver 3 3.5 Principal personal tax saver 82 Reliance tax saver fund 1 1 1.5 Source: www.moneycontrol.com, Date 26.03.2010 Principal Personal tax saver declared (maximum) Rs.82/unit dividend in the year 2007-08. DBS chola and Reliance tax saver fund declared (minimum) Rs.1/unit dividend in the year 2006-07. Table 5 shows the dividends returns of the selected tax saving mutual fund schemes. Table 5 Dividends Yield Returns Company Name Inception Year 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 DBS Chola Tax saver fund 2005 0.08 HDFC long term advantage fund 2000 0.13 0.09 0.08 ING tax saving fund 2004 0.26 Kotak tax saver 2005 0.24 0.25 Principal personal tax saver 2002 1.16 Reliance tax saver fund 2005 0.08 0.08 It can be noted from Table 5, that highest return on dividend given by Principal personal tax saver in the year 2007-08. It also can be noted that principal personal tax saver not declared any dividend during the year 2006-07. HDFC declared Rs. 6/unit in the year 2006-07 and 2007-08. No company have declared the dividend in the year 2008-09 except HDFC long term advantage fund and Reliance Tax Saver fund. FUTURE VALUE Always money has time value. A rupee today is more valuable than a rupee a year. Money deposited today has future value after certain period. Hence future value of money calculated to know the value of investment. Table 6 shows the interest rate announced by RBI during the year 2006-07 to 2008-09. Table 6 Interest Rates Year 1 Years 1-3 Years Above 3 Years 2006-07 9% 9.75% 9.75% 2007-08 10.5% 11% 11% 2008-09 7% 8% 8.25% Source: RBI Annual reports It can be noted that the interest rate has been reduced to 7% in the year 2008-09. Table 7 Future Values of Deposits Year 1 Years 1-3 Years Above 3 Years 2006-07 1.09 1.32 1.59 2007-08 1.11 1.37 1.69 2008-09 1.07 1.26 1.49 Source: RBI Annual reports Table-7 shows the annually compounded interest returns. The rupee value of Rs 1000 in the year 2008-09 is increased to Rs. 1260 in the year 2012-13 at the rate of interest of 8%. EFFECTIVE RATE OF INTEREST Effective rate is the interest rate on financial product restated from the nominal interest rate as an interest rate with annual compound interest. Effective interest rate differs from calculating nominal rate. The nominal rate is calculated as multiply the number of periods with the interest. Table 8 Effective Interest Rate Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years Above 5 Years 2006-07 9.0 10.1 10.1 2007-08 10.5 11.4 11.5 2008-09 7.0 8.2 8.5 Source: RBI annual reports Table-8 shows the effective interest rate. It can be revealed that the return is high for three years and above. The effective interest rate will be 10.1% where the nominal rate of interest is 9.75%. Table 9 Return on Investment in Bank Deposit (With Effective interest Rate Tool) Principal Interest Effective Interest Rate+ Principal 1000 10.1 Rs. 1303/- The Table-9 shows return on investment on Bank deposit. An investor deposited Rs.1000 with 8% interest the depositor gets Rs.1,303 with effective interest rate. Table 10 Return of Tax saving Mutual Fund Schemes Schemes 3 years dividend return alone NAV as on February 2010 No. Of Units on 2006 Unit value as on February 2010 Total Return (Dividend + Unit Value) DBS Chola Tax saver fund 80.23 13.163 80 1053 1133.3 HDFC long term advantage fund 356.25 34.453 23 792.42 1148.7 Ing tax saving fund 242.09 12.223 61 745.6 987.69 Kotak tax saver 484.06 9.657 74 714.62 1198.7 Principal personal tax saver 702.41 69.302 15 1039.5 1741.9 Reliance tax saver fund 256.83 13.701 73 1000.2 1257 The Table 10 shows the return of selected tax saving mutual fund schemes during the year 2006-07 to 2009-10 till February 2010. It can be noted from the table, the return of all the tax saving mutual fund schemes are lower than bank returns except Principal personal tax saver. All the tax saving mutual fund schemes NAV less than its purchase value on April 2006. If the investor made investment of Rs. 1000 on a bank, the investor may get Rs. 1,303 with interest and if they invested in tax saving mutual fund schemes they get less then Rs. 1,303. If they invested in DBS chola tax saver fund they may get only Rs. 1,133 and Rs. 987.69 if they invested in ING tax saver fund on February 2010. Security market is highly volatile, prediction on this market in not possible. It can be accepted through this study. There is no pattern on the NAV return. Many factors like global economy position, natural calamities, political change, etc., affects the return of security market Investment in Bank i s highly secured in all the period. CONCLUSION People invest money into known sources and they are not aware of pros and cons of the investment avenues in-depth and technically. They accept what the promoter / company or the agent says. By comparing the deposits/investments in bank and securities market, it can be noticed that the return from security market is high and it is volatile and there is no guarantee for the return. Those who wants high return, by taking high risk they can invest into securities market. Present scenario of the financial market is the securities market is in negative and there is no capital appreciation in the form of NAV returns. All sample schemes NAV goes into negative and only few company declared their lowest dividends. At present the bank return are high than the returns from securities market. Thus, generally people choose tax saving schemes to have minimum benefit from their investment. But there is no regulatory to provide guarantee on these schemes. It is necessary to create regulatory framewor k to safeguard the individual investors. The authority of mutual funds SEBI and AMFI involve into this area and may take necessary steps to protect the investors in the form of Regular return and Capital appreciation.

Effectiveness of Advertisement based on Consumers Attitudes Free Essays

The success of a business does not rely only on the quality of products or services that the company offers to the market. Even though the company provides the best product or service that the customer may avail, the success of the marketers will still be based on how the company executes their marketing plans. Apparently, the strategic plans do not refer merely to the supply chain management and marketing mix. We will write a custom essay sample on Effectiveness of Advertisement based on Consumers Attitudes or any similar topic only for you Order Now The marketers need to consider the possible impact of the products, advertisements, and competitors in penetrating the market. Since the marketplace is a wide area where the marketers, customers, and even competitors meet, it is necessary for the marketers to understand the important factors that may help the product to stay and grow in the market. Consumers’ Attitude There are many reasons why people purchase the products in the market. Basically, they buy products because those are part of their needs while some purchase the products for luxury alone. Regardless of the reasons of the consumers in buying the product, the target of the marketers is always to create awareness and sell the products to the target markets. The marketers should always remember that people buy a certain product to satisfy the needs which could be another complicated term for the company who would like to penetrate the market. There are three factors that may affect the behavior of the consumers in buying the product, the internal, the external, and the marketing. Internal factors refer to the knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of the consumers toward the product, personality and lifestyle of the buyer, and roles and involvement of the customers to the purchase. On the other hand, the external factors include the culture, situation, and groups where the consumers belong. Lastly, the marketing mix also plays very important part in the decision making of the customers. The last factor refers to the quality of product and service, affordability of price, and effectiveness of the promotion to the target market. One of the most challenging parts of being a marketer is understanding the reasons of the consumers in preferring and buying the product in the store shelf. Consumer behavior refers to the disposal or use of the products and the study of how these products are purchased. Consumers purchase a certain product because of many factors which should be taken into consideration. The knowledge and strong understanding about the factors that affect the decision making of the consumers would help the marketers to reach the anticipated level of success. Apparently, the factors that affect the consumers are extremely complex making the marketers think of new concepts in order to persuade different kinds of people in different locations to buy only one brand of product in the market. The psychological influences in consumers’ behavior can easily be recognized; however, the activities that should be done by the marketers sometimes lack the ability to persuade the customers to purchase the product.   Motivation is the psychological concept that could help the marketers to improve the plan for developing and promoting the product in the marketplace. How to cite Effectiveness of Advertisement based on Consumers Attitudes, Papers

Poetry Exile by Julia Alvarez Flashcard

Poetry: Exile by Julia Alvarez